Published - December 15, 2025 01:39 am IST Communities in three ecologically distinct landscapes including Aracode in the Nilgiris (in picture) contributed generational knowledge that shaped the indicators, monitoring protocols and digital tools that now underpin Tamil Nadu’s community-based environmental monitoring, reporting and verification initiative. Photo: keystone-foundation. org Globally, monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) systems have become central to climate transparency. Under the Paris Agreement, countries must track emissions, adaptation progress, and climate finance to show movement towards their Nationally Determined Contributions.