Key Highlights
- Modern cyber conflict, security analysts say, is increasingly prepared long before it is ever revealed.
- “This reality came sharply into focus with the widely reported Lebanon pager incident.
- Communication devices that appeared simple, benign and technologically unremarkable were later activated in a coordinated manner, causing physical harm without any indication of real-time hacking,” K. S.
- Manoj, a cyber-physical systems security expert associated with Intelegrid said.
- Subsequent international reporting suggested that the decisive compromise may have taken place much earlier, during the design, manufacture or distribution of the devices.


