Iranians gather while blocking a street during a protest in Tehran, Iran on Jan. 9. MAHSA / Middle East Images / Add NBC News to GoogleJan. 16, 2026, 3:41 PM ESTBy Alexander Smith and Babak DehghanpishehIran has a grim history of crushing dissent, but the latest crackdown dwarfs anything seen during the repressive Islamic theocracy’s 47 years in power, evidence trickling out of Iran suggests. Human rights activists say at least 2,500 people have been killed since protesters took to the streets last month, initially in a show of anger against rising prices and a faltering economy.“This crackdown is more intense because the scope of the protests is more widespread, playing out at the same time in big cities but also remote areas in central and western Iran,” said Clément Therme, a nonresident fellow at the International Institute for Iranian Studies, a nongovernmental organization based in Saudi Arabia, Iran’s major geopolitical rival in the region. Since widespread demonstrations in 2022, the regime's goal “has been to diffuse fear,” both through killing protesters and executing prisoners, he said. Even the partial picture of what’s happening inside Iran suggests something on a different level than past repression.